Gonipterus scutellatus species complex invaded countries, including france, portugal, italy, and spain, and is categorized as a quarantine pest listed in annex iib of council directive 2000. Eppo recommends that countries importing propagating material and parts of eucalyptus trees, offer the exporting country the choice of either ensuring that the consignment is free of soil or that it comes from an area where. The performance of the weevil was tested on 14 eucalyptus and one syzygium species in the laboratory and the field in south. A complete nomenclature of the species present in the eu is still pending. Bollettino dell associazione romana di entomologia. It has become a common pest outside australia almost wherever eucalypts are grown commercially. The ips genus, feeding on ponderosa pine, introduces a fungus to the tree. Observations on the biology of caraphractus cinctus walker.
Gonipterus scutellatus wikispecies, free species directory. Gonipterus is a genus of weevils in the family curculionidae. The eucalyptus weevil gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal is a notorious pest of eucalypt plantations around the world, but its host range differs across its area of introduction, which may be due to it being a complex of several cryptic species. Chemical treatment is not recommended because of the danger to the many honey bees attracted by the long flowering period of eucalyptus. Introduction currently, eucalyptus plantations in spain and portugal are threatened by a pest known as gonipterus platensis eucalyptus snout beetle, a defoliator insect from australia whose feeding is based on the consumption of eucalyptus leaves.
Media in category gonipterusthe following 26 files are in this category, out of 26 total. Gonipterus gibberus and gonipterus scutellatus 2005. Whitespotted sawyer, monochamus scutellatus say, is a native north american borer that attacks dying or recently dead conifers that have dried out somewhat but have not been heavily attacked by other woodfeeding insects. Taipans usually avoid confrontation, but they will strike fast and fiercely when cornered. Vazquez jpm 1992 presence on eucalyptus globulus of gonipterus. Distribution the eucalyptus snout beetle, gonipterus scutellatus coleoptera. The aim of this paper is to establish a workflow to locate the areas affected by the defoliator, and determinate the basics patterns of spatial distribution, in order to predict future hot spots and develop more integrated pests management. Biological control classical biological control of the. Media in category gonipterus the following 26 files are in this category, out of 26 total. Conference proceedings papers presentations journals.
Gonipterus scutellatus gonpscspain eppo global database. Of australian origin, in the last 70 years it has spread on almost all the continents, producing great damages to eucalypt plantations. Gonipterus scutellatus is a weevil that feeds exclusively on eucalypts. The panel on plant health performed a pest categorisation of the australian eucalyptus snout. The fungus blocks resin canals, which leaves the weevil free to eat. Gonipterus gibberus boisd and gonipterus scutellatus gyll. Only two weevil species have been considered to be completely controlled by a biological control agent. Gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal in central italy coleoptera, curculionidae. The adults are relatively nondescript brown beetles, but the legless larvae are bright yellowish green with black stripes, have a slimy. May 01, 2006 read phenology of eucalyptus weevil, gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal coleoptera. It is a quarantine pest listed in annex iib of council directive 200029ec.
According to our surveys, eucalyptus globulus was the only infested tree species. Samuelson hawaii biological survey, bishop museum, 1525. Classical biological control has been attempted for about 38 species in 19 genera, and at least moderate success has been achieved in 31 % of cases. Inland strain may be up to 10 ft long, whereas the coastal strain is usually no longer than 7 ft. Curculionidae is originally from australia mally 1924. Gonipterus scutellatus curculionidae hear species info. Gonipterus gibberus and gonipterus scutellatus infest a number of species of eucalyptus and have spread to other parts of the world where these trees. Entomology memoir, department of agriculture south africa 3, 1282. Biological control of eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal coleoptera. Two new species of anaphes haliday from tasmania, a. Because of this, much of the research on its biology and host preferences has been done outside australia. Curculionidae recently established in the hawaiian islands adults and larvae of the eucalyptus snout beetle were collected on the leafsurface of eucalyptus robusta in makawao in 2004 records of the hawaii biological survey for 20042005. Curculionidae is the main beetle defoliator of eucalyptus worldwide, causing damage in various regions in which it was introduced, where its management relies mostly on biological control with the parasitoid anaphes nitens girault hymenoptera. Gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal is reported from central italy latium for the first time.
Multiple bites, each bite will deliver a venom dosage that is usually lethal. Gonipterus scutellatus is a defoliator and feeds exclusi vely on eucalyptus tooke, 1935. Pest categorisation of spodoptera litura 2019 efsa. Its has been intensively studied in biological control projects tooke, 1955, but nothing is known about its reproductive behaviour. Invasion history and management of eucalyptus snout beetles. Many weevils are considered pests because of their ability to damage and kill crops. It feeds and breeds on eucalyptus trees and is endemic to australia. Biological control classical biological control of the australian weevil gonipterus scutellatus coleoptera.
Oxyuranus scutellatus synonyms, oxyuranus scutellatus pronunciation, oxyuranus scutellatus translation, english dictionary definition of oxyuranus scutellatus. It is established in tropical and subtropical regions where there are no, or few, frost days each year. The performance of the weevil was tested on 14 eucalyptus and one syzygium species in the laboratory and the field in south africa. This detailed account of the bionomics and biological control of gonipterus scutellatus gylh. During august 2015, the weevil gonipterus scutellatus complex coleoptera curculionidae, a pest of eucalyptus spp. Campbell department of entomology, university of california, riverside, ca 92521. The eucalyptus snout beetle, gonipterus scutellatus, was discovered defoliating windrow eucalyptus trees along citrus groves in ventura county in march 1994 cowles and downer 1995. Eucalyptus snout beetle, gonipterus scutellatus gyll. The host range of the eucalyptus weevil, gonipterus. Protein profiles of gonipterus scutellatus coleoptera. Curculionidae, once thought to be a single species, is now known to reside in a complex of at least eight cryptic species.
Curculionidae, have also been introduced into other parts of the world where eucalypts are grown, whereas others, e. When initially reported it was causing severe damage, especially on e. Phenology of eucalyptus weevil, gonipterus scutellatus. Classical biological control of the australian weevil. In march 1994, gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal, an australian weevil that feeds on foliage of eucalypts, was discovered in ventura county, ca. Body length 10mm the eucalyptus weevil is brown in colour. Tooke fgc 1955 the eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus scutellatus. Oct 22, 2004 this high productivity has been powered by the absence of pests and pathogens.
Pdf pest categorisation of the gonipterus scutellatus. Gonipterus scutellatus, or the eucalyptus snout beetle, is native to australia. The most famous weevil is the boll weevil, which ruins cotton crops. Gonipterus gibberus and gonipterus scutellatus bulletin oeppeppo bulletin 35, 368370 compiler. The boll weevil anthonomus grandis attacks cotton crops. Due to restrictions governing use of methyl bromide as mandated by the montreal protocol united nations environment program unep 2006, use of naturally occurring plant volatiles as potential fumigants for.
Curculionidae although these species may be synonymous, it is of quarantine convenience to regard them as separate species, since in argentina it is known under the former name, and elsewhere under the latter. A study of its ecology and control by biological means. The most recent pest to arrive is a eucalyptus defoliator, gonipterus scutellatus gyll. References european and mediterranean plant protection organization eppo. It causes damage to eucalyptus in both larval and adult stages, in particular to the young leaves and repeated defoliation by g. This high productivity has been powered by the absence of pests and pathogens. Iucn ssc invasive species specialist group issg with support from the overseas territories environmental programme otep project xot603, a joint project with the cayman. Anaphes nitens girault, the most important biological control agent of the eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus scutellatus, is redescribed, from specimens from south africa. A single population of anaphes nitens, an egg parasitoid, has. It is regulated by most eppo countries, in particular by the eu, and recommended measures require that eucalyptus plants for planting except seeds and cut branches should come from a pest free area or plants should be free from. However, since 1991 the health and productivity of these stands has been threatened by the eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus scutellatus gyll. Richardson richardson and meakins 1986 demonstrated a wide variation in. The adult weevils are greyish to reddish brown with darker markings and approximately 10. Gonipterus scutellatus larva friends of queens park.
Mymaridae, a parasitoid of the eggs of dytiscidae coleoptera. Eucalyptus weevil i gonipterus scutellatus family curculionidae this page contains information and pictures about eucalyptus weevils that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. Gonipterus gibberus and gonipterus scutellatus 2005 eppo. Cerambycidae and gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal coleoptera. Advanced photonics journal of applied remote sensing. The efsa panel on plant health plhp performed a pest categorisation of spodoptera litura lepidoptera. The panel on plant health performed a pest categorisation of the australian eucalyptus snoutbeetle gonipterus scutellatus coleoptera. We imported, reared, and released a parasitoid of the weevils eggs, anaphes nitens siscaro hymenoptera. It is commonly known as the eucalyptus snout beetle, the eucalyptus weevil or the gum tree weevil.
Sperm competition, cryptic female choice and prolonged. Haines department of plant and environmental protection sciences, 3050 maile way, gilmore 310, university of hawaii, honolulu, hawaii 96822, usa and g. Eppo recommends that countries importing propagating material and parts of eucalyptus trees, offer the exporting country the choice of either ensuring that the consignment is free of soil or that it comes from. The egg parasitoid anaphes nitens has been introduced into many countries. Richardson richardson and meakins 1986 demonstrated a wide variation in susceptibility between and. They are all plant feeders and many are specific to a single host species.
Observations on the biology of caraphractus cinctus walker hymenoptera. Countries may require a phytosanitary certificate for cut branches of. There are approximately 20 described species in the genus, most of which are native to australia. Present, restricted distribution first recorded in. Curculion idae recently established in the hawaiian islands1 william p. First global record of podisus nigrispinus hemiptera. The coastal taipan, oxyuranus scutellatus is found in northern and northeastern australia and o. It is considered that the only practical method for shipping apples free of live weevils is to develop a disinfestation process. Distribution details in spain of gonipterus scutellatus gonpsc current pest situation evaluated by eppo on the basis of information dated 2011.
Gonipterus scutellatus, the eucalyptus snout beetle, was first noted into south africa in 1916 in cape town and by 1929 it had spread throughout eucalypt growing areas in south africa. This beetle is found in the eastern states of australia and has been introduced into western australia and many countries around the world. The white spotted sawyer and northeastern sawyer are longhorned, roundheaded woodboring beetles that are native to north america. Curculionidae are a large mainly herbivorous family of beetles, some of which have become crop pests. Gonipterus was detected for the first time in brazil in 1928, but in field manuals, the first. Eucalypt hybrid susceptibility to gonipterus scutellatus. The eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus scuttelatus, an insect pest of eucalypts, was introduced to south africa from australia in 1916.
Oxyuranus scutellatus large highly venomous snake of northeastern australia taipan elapid, elapid snake any of numerous venomous fanged snakes. It is in two parts, of which the first deals with the identity of the weevil, its accidental introduction from australia. A highly venomous and most dangerous snake in its geographic range. Key words gonipterus scutellatus, anaphes nitens, eucalyptus, egg parasitoid eucalypttreeshave beenplantedwidelyincalifornia since the late 1800s and are abundant in urban and rural landscapes of coastal areas, the central valley. Defoliation assessment through multispectral cameras mounted on uav s 3 gonipterus platensis 1 annex ii. Gonipterus scutellatus is a significant insect pest of eucalypts in most countries where that genus has been introduced, but is usually only of minor significance in its native australia. The grain or wheat weevil sitophilus granarius damages stored grain. A single population of anaphes nitens, an egg parasitoid, has been used to control all. In this report, we present the first laboratory evidence of efficient.
Native to australia gonipterus platensis marelli coleoptera. Invasion history and management of eucalyptus snout. Gonipterus scutellatus is an a2 quarantine pest for eppo and is also of phytosanitary significance for cosave. Insects free fulltext microbial control of invasive. General information about gonipterus scutellatus gonpsc eppo global database. Pest categorisation of the gonipterus scutellatus species. Curculionidae, and chrysomelid beetles in eucalyptus globulus plantations in south. Dec 19, 2005 the same parasite attacks both gonipterus spp. The eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus scutellatus. Detecting and mapping gonipterus scutellatus induced. Phoracantha semipunctata fabricius, phoracantha recurva newman coleoptera. When it sits next to the gum nuts, it is hard to tell which is which. In the natural forest, these insects are often considered.
An adult and many larvae of this familiar weevil were first found in midmarch in ventura. The eucalyptus snout beetle, gonipterus scutellatus coleoptera. By the time of its discovery, the weevil was defoliating eucalypt trees in citrus orchard windrows. Request pdf detecting and mapping gonipterus scutellatus induced vegetation defoliation using worldview2 pansharpened image texture combinations and an artificial neural network. Gonipterus scutellatus is a species of weevil in the family curculionidae. Eppo recommends that countries importing propagating material and parts of eucalyptus trees, offer the exporting country the choice of either ensuring that the consignment is free of soil or that it comes from an area where g.
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